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The term codec can stand for coder/decoder, which is hardware that converts audio or video signals between analog and digital forms, and it can stand for compressor/decompressor, which is hardware or software that compresses and uncompresses audio or video data. The specific definition of the term is provided when it is used in context throughout this chapter.

Figure 14-15.

MPEG-2 Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG)-2 is a standard for video compression that saves space by removing redundant information (such as areas of the picture that do not change) and by removing information that is not readily perceptible to the human eye.

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AC-3 audio AC-3 is a type of audio stream developed by Dolby Labs. It allows up to six separate audio channels: left and right front, left and right rear, center, and a subwoofer channel. Subpicture DVDs contain a data stream called a subpicture. The subpicture stream delivers the subtitles and any other add-on data such as system help, director s comments, and menus which can be displayed while playing digital media. Third-party software DVD decoder The software decoder processes the video and subpicture data, and passes it along to the video mixing renderer (VMR). Audio decoder derer. The audio decoder processes audio data into a form usable by an audio ren-

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Video mixing renderer A video mixing renderer (VMR) is the default renderer (display mechanism) for Windows XP Professional. It supports blending video input streams with transparency information. It allows third-party implementation of custom video effects. Audio renderer The audio renderer has a DirectShow component that sends audio data to an audio driver. KS proxy The Kernel Stream (KS) proxy is a DirectShow filter that sends data to the kernel mode drivers. It sends video data to a Video Port Manager (VPM), and it sends MPEG-2, AC-3, and subpicture data to a WDM streaming-class driver. Video Port Manager (VPM) A Video Port Manager (VPM) is a DirectShow filter that enables the VMR to work seamlessly on systems where video data is transferred directly from a video capture device or hardware decoder to the graphics chip without going over the system bus. The direct hardware connection is called a video port. Kernel level The kernel level for DVD video display includes the components listed in Table 10-3 and discussed in detail in the following sections.

Table 10-3 Component DVD-ROM driver UDF file system Copyright protection WDM audio DirectDraw WDM streaming-class driver DirectX Graphics HAL with VPE

You can view the entire list of available printers on a computer by typing http:// hostname/printers. But if you know the name of the printer you want to use, you can access it directly by typing http://hostname/printers/printername/.printer, where printername is the shared name of the printer.

DVD-ROM driver Windows XP Professional provides a DVD-ROM driver, which supports the DVD-ROM industry-defined command set known as the MMC-3 specification.

90 100 100 102 106 106 108 111 118 119 119

Part II:

UDF file system The file system on many DVDs is UDF, which is a standard defined by the Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA). UDF is compliant with the International Standards Organization (ISO) 13346 specification and is intended to succeed the CD-ROM File System (CDFS). Windows XP Professional supports writing to DVD-RAM discs by using the FAT32 and FAT16 file formats. Windows XP Professional does not support writing in UDF file format, but it does support reading UDF version 2.0 files, as well as all previous versions of UDF. For more information about UDF, see 13, Working with File Systems. Copyright protection DVDs are both copy protected and distribution protected. Encrypting the content on the disc provides copyright protection. Distribution protection is achieved by restricting playback of discs to specified geographical regions. The DVD publisher determines the region in which a disc can be played; Windows XP Professional responds to the region encoding. The DVD Forum has set up eight worldwide regions and assigned them a region code, as shown in Table 10-4.